Family Law Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Family Law - Case Study Example At the beginning, Derek needs to understand that living together doesn't have certain lawful rights the manner in which marriage or common organizations do. Along these lines, Saadya passing infers that Derek won't simply acquire anything naturally, yet just those benefits the two claimed mutually (Herring, 2011, p. 80). S. 2(2) of Law Reform (Succession) Act 1995 permits claims by the enduring living together accomplice, if the living together has gone on for a continuous time of no under two years preceding the other companion passing. Furthermore, companions don't have rights with regards to intestacy dependent on Administration of Estates Act 1925, and thusly, when one accomplice kicks the bucket and abandoning a will, at that point that accomplice property will pass on, as per the specifications on the will. For this situation, the will even now stays substantial since Sadya and Derek didn't go into a marriage or a common organization to repudiate the will. Be that as it may, Derek can even now apply for thought in the domain of his perished companion. In any case, Derek rights are close to nil, as he won't consequently acquiesce to everything. The law expresses that everything will be executed by the legitimate will, and accordingly, the vast majority of Sadya resources will go to her domain and kin, rather than Derek consequently. Additionally, Derek can't have the option to apply as a regulator of Sadya bequest as he isn't viewed as a family member (Probert and Blanpain, 2011, p. 109). In like manner, the enduring living together accomplice is less significantly very much situated than a marriage life partner, in asserting gainful intrigue, with regards to property which is enlisted in the sole name of his accomplice, as repeated in James v Thomas [2007] EWCA Civ 1212. With regards to the house, it is considered as run of the mill rule of agreement, section, value and trusts, and doesn't make a variety among wedded and unmarried couples, as expressed in legal disputes Pettit v Pettit [1970] AC 777, and that of Gissing v Gissing [1971] AC 886. As needs be, since the house is under an occupant in like manner proprietorship, Derek and Sadya don't have equivalent rights to that home. That is the reason the 75% house proprietorship will go to Sadya home as expressed in the will (Burton, 2012, p. 198). The way that Sadya moved the house into their joint names holding as occupants in like manner, with Sadya possessing 75% and Derek claiming 25%, this satisfies the state of transport towards joint names of living together couple, with away from of their individual helpful interests (Stack v Dowden [2007] 1 FLR 1858). In any case, given that they have a child, Derek can solicit the court dependent on s.30 from Family Law Act 1996, to move the property into his name under inhabitance rights. In any case, the court will permit this solitary when it sees that, it will be to the greatest advantage of Kane. Whatever else enrolled under Sadya sole name, suggests that Derek won't guarantee any valuable enthusiasm for that property. The law is evident that when an unmarried living together accomplice passes on, the other accomplice won't just acquire their accomplice resources, procure a segment of their accomplice funds, or even benefits naturally without a will. Thusly, despite the fact that Derek has a boundless access to cash in their joint investment accounts, in which them two contributed cash under their joint names, he has no option to get to cash in Sadya separate financial balances. Moreover, the equalization in such records will be the property of Sadya bequest, and which can't be gotten to until the home is completely settled. By and by, a level of the reserve funds will be viewed as while figuring the estimation of the domain. Any reserve fund s from housekeeping cash will have a place with the individual who gave the cash (Burton, 2012, p. 200). With regards to arrangements of word related in addition to individual annuities for Derek and his child, this will rely upon the guidelines of Sadya conspire. This is on the grounds that a companion accomplice can't rely on their perished accomplice commitments, for the goals of

Leadership style of reflective hospitality managers

Authority style of intelligent neighborliness administrators 1. Presentation The decision of an appropriate administration style of neighborliness industry can be viewed as the necessity of the highlights of the business that depends on the experience of the two sides, i.e., the experience of visitors in expending the administration and the experience of the chiefs in maintaining the friendliness organizations (Banks, L. 1997). Here, there are two connections that are significant in affecting the nature of cordiality the executives. One relationship is between the accommodation business and the visitors and the other relationship is between the chiefs of neighborliness organizations and the representatives. Truth be told, the last relationship is of a similar significance as the first. This is a result of the way that the administration style of cordiality supervisors is unequivocal in affecting the working mentalities of the representatives which thus may affect the adequacy of the activity of serving the visitors (Vanâ Dyk, P.S. 2001). This article, in li ght of the examination of the authority style of the accommodation supervisors to the representatives in persuading their drives in working, targets explaining the significance of initiative style of cordiality administrators in advancing the general nature of their administrative occupation and the administration nature of neighborliness administration too. 2. Why representative inspiration is significant in advancing cordiality administration Any worker bases their evaluation of working life on their requests and desires. Nobody will be content about their being a property of others (Armstrong, M., 1990). At any rate, the worried of life esteem despite everything commands the existence theory of humankind. Along these lines, as a rule, the inquiry engaged with the relationship of business isn't the means by which a worker will fit into an organization, yet how the organization will fit into the representatives venture. To put it another way, the inspiration of a representatives taking up a vocation lies in that how the activity will give the chance of self-improvement just as the acknowledgment of life esteem later on. (Handling, M. 1993) For the worker, it isn't the subject of fitting into the current association culture. By and large, if there is a crisscross between the individual worth and the interests of the organization, there are normally two elective decisions. One is that the individual may drop the organization to escape from the current condition. The other is that the individual needs to endure the circumstance. Obviously, such perseverance has a constrained extension. In the event that there is a superior vocation opportunity hanging tight for the person in question, the person will persistently pay special mind to these chances and will move to another organization. Accordingly, such a connection between the association and the representative makes the primary difficulty. For the organization, the predicament is the way to make the organization alluring to representatives where as simultaneously can acquire the most extreme measure of advantage from the worker. Giving a baiting guarantee to the recently utilized staff individuals is of little consequence if the organization isn't reliable to keep the guarantee later on. In this way, what is important is that the HRM ought to receive a procedure that will be useful in keeping the since quite a while ago run of the faculty resources. Notwithstanding, this is unquestionably not a simple thing for any organization or association to achieve. It is consistently a matter of inconsistency. In any case, experienced neighborliness business chiefs realizes how to tackle this issue by regarding the genuine needs of the representatives and in this manner the activities of serving the visitors will be support ed. 3. Propelling the staff This implies the estimation of the exhibition of representatives and the designated duties of the workers. This is normally done through the point by point clarification of the specialized particulars to the staff individuals to tell them the best way to act in their activities. This is successful in making the representatives know the degree of responsibility that is identified with his exhibition of the undertaking. By explaining these things already, the representatives can know better their obligations in the administration procedure and along these lines, they can be sure about gathering the difficulties that they will experience in their activity. Specialized details are significant in mirroring the experience of directors of friendliness industry. This is another significant achievement assurance of business associations. By training the staff, director of a business association can designate a task with increasingly compact reason. This is particularly helpful while designating new undertakings to staff individuals. New assignments can be confounding in numerous territories. In this way, directors ought to show restraint enough to rouse the staff in a supported manner. PLOC the board centers explicitly around the advancement of HRM hypotheses and viable execution, developing accentuation on adaptability and individualization are prompting the genuine test of how to guarantee the soul of network which are viewed as the reason for social relations and agreeable systems of associations of different sorts. Nonetheless, if the single representative in a division of an organization is progressively embraced singular undertakings and gets singular pay, and sees their vocation prospects to be exclusively controlled by their individual abilities, at that point by what method will it be conceivable to make a feeling of solidarity in the office and consider it an element? This circumstance, with the improvement of the combination of world business, is additionally exasperated by the developing requirement for individuals to work across hierarchical or proficient limits. Then again, mechanical progression has made illuminating errands progressively mind boggli ng and in this way requires contribution from altogether different capability profiles. Therefore, just a group can yield the best result (Carter, C.C. 1994). Along these lines there is continually a weight of ability networks which develops in when the preconditions for such networks are breaking down. Along these lines, the logical inconsistency between singular turn of events and the enthusiasm of the network consistently exists. With respect to this logical inconsistency, it is actually a genuine a test to professionals to develop a system for the exchange between the individual interests and the companys picking up benefits. In the in the mean time, such a structure likewise adds to accomplish a cozy relationship among individuals from the two sides of an association. In the event that they neglect to address this difficulty, working life won't just become atomized yet in addition be drained of human sympathy and the soul of network. To sum up, the rule for the parishioners to follow is that the component for the advancement ought to be feasible and adaptable. Everything relies upon the job of the associations. Be that as it may, the conventional job of associations is a guard dog of exacting authoritative principles and aggregate understandings. The representatives neither expect nor wish to draw on the customary help offered by associations. Or maybe, they need more straightforward effect on the substance of their wages and working conditions. The job of the associations is by all accounts a lot of ignored by representatives. 4. Administration quality and group execution The center of the system of the improvement of the group execution is to treat the workers similarly and this is the urgent prerequisite of improving the administration nature of accommodation business. In spite of the fact that the enhanced interests of the semi-bunches inside a business are hard to assess, yet it is as yet conceivable to spur the staff through the individual experience of the directors. This has end up being noteworthy in advancing the animation of the representatives in serving the visitors in their working environment. In this sense, administration style isn't just a hypothesis yet in addition a significant individual encounter of cordiality directors. References: Armstrong, M. (1990). A handbook of business the executives. London: Kogan Page Ltd. Banks, L. (1997).â Motivation in the working environment: Inspiring your representatives. US of America: American Media Incorporated. Carter, C.C. (1994). HR the executives and all out quality goal. US of America: American Management Association. Handling, M. (1993). Compelling correspondence in associations. Kenwyn:â Juta Co, Ltd. Vanâ Dyk, P.S. (2001). The quality confirmation way to deal with HR the board inâ Nel,P.S. (ed.). Human asset the executives. (fifth release) Cape Town: Oxford University Press.

The Legal Implication of Job Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Legal Implication of Job Analysis - Essay Example Errand situated methodology of occupation investigation expresses that the methodology is worried about the exhibition of the representatives concerning separate undertakings appointed to them so as to quantify their proficiency and precision for development (Siddique, 2004). Examine the lawful ramifications of occupation examination The lawful laws relating to work in the United States are recognized as title VII of the Civil Right Act, for example Equivalent Employment Opportunity Act (1972), Uniform Guidelines on Employee Selection Procedures (1978) and American with Disabilities Act (1990). Common Right Act expresses that the organizations should outline its choice procedure in such a way, so that there ought not be any sort of social enhancement and all the workers ought to appreciate equivalent rights and openings in an organization. Uniform Guidelines on Employee Selection Procedures (1978) uncovers that the organization ought to have an appropriate plan and rules for their ch oice procedure with the goal that each refined individual can go after the position accessible. American with Disabilities Act (1990) identifies with the reality that each organization should save a specific number of opportunities or seats for the crippled people (Oregon State University, 2003). The case Wards Cove Packing Co. versus Atonio, 490 U.S. 642 (1989), states that a couple of the cannery laborers having a place with the nonwhite network had recorded a claim in the District Court under Title VII of the Civil Right Act of 1964 against Wards Cove Packing Co for its ‘discriminatory recruiting practices’. Moreover, the court asked the organization to â€Å"provide authentic justification† for proceeding with the business procedure further. As to the alluded case, it very well may be expressed according to Johnson that the undertaking ought not connect any type of partiality in their enlisting procedure in light of the fact that such biases could prompt the breakdown of the organization (Scanlan, 2004). Examine Uniform Guidelines on Employee Selection Procedures (1978) and its suggestions on adequate determination techniques According to the US lawful law, Uniform Guidelines on Employee Selection Procedures (1978) express certain standards which incorporate the requirement for consistency, motivation behind rules and connection to earlier rules. Besides, requirement for consistency can be expressed as the Federal government’s want which is identified with the unvarying standards considered in the choice strategy, for example, questions utilized in the tests and other choice models among others. The other standard, that is the motivation behind the rules express that these standards have been figured so as to serve each business with similar standards. In addition, the rules guarantee that the standards are considered as a solitary set for helping the business, work associations and work organizations alongside confirmation sheet s to keep the guidelines set somewhere near the Federal government. Moreover, this standard assists with restricting the act of disparity in the choice procedure, for example, race, religion, national inception and sex alongside shading. Finally, the part of connection to appropriate rules expresses that the rules of the determination technique relating to the representatives depend on certain core values (U.S. Government Printing Office, 1999).

The Goods Service Tax In Malaysia - Free Essay Example

IS THE INTRODUCTION OF THE GOODS SERVICE TAX (GST) IN MALAYSIA GOOD OR BAD? Chapter 1 1.0 INTRODUCTION. In the new global economy, more companies are operating cross border, and as such are faced with the need to deal effectively with many different taxes, often in many different countries, each with different rates, ruling and application. Coupled with this, the regulatory environment is increasingly challenging. The IMF has been trying to push for all countries to adopt the Goods Service Tax (GST), or also known in certain countries as Value Added Tax (VAT), so as to create a more level playing field amongst trading nations. Direct taxes have in the past been used to camouflage à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"protectionismà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ policy of certain countries. High tariff on certain product like motorcar has prevented healthy competition amongst trading nations. The general populations of that country are left without a choice but to consume the local products, as imported products have become more expensive with the high tariff. Often, because of this, the local products tend to be inferior in quality as there is no real incentive to compete. In the 2005 Budget, the Government of Malaysia announced that GST will be implemented on Jan 1 2007 to replace the current sales and service tax (SST). Following public outcry, on 22 February 2006 it announced a deferment to allow lead time to businesses for potential changes in processes, development of software and personnel training. The first reading of the GST Bill was tabled in December 2009 and the second and third reading is expected in April 2010. The Prime Minister recently announced that the increase in revenue expected from the introduction of GST will be used mainly to finance the hike in Civil Servantsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ salary and to finance other infrastructure works for the benefit of the nation at large. Problem Statement Is GST really needed for Malaysia? If so, how does it affect the general public and the country as a whole? The aim of this paper is to discuss and bring to attention the problems which we might face with the implementation of the GST, or if we are to remain status quo with the SST. Chapter 2 Literature review The Ministry of Finance presented the following information to highlight on GST. It stated that it would be part of the overall tax reform to overcome the inherent weaknesses in the SST and to reduce the reliance on revenue from direct taxes and petroleum. GST is a more efficient and effective tax system as it is self policing and has an in-build cross checking features. It enhances tax compliance and deals with less bureaucracy. It is also a more stable source of revenue compared to income tax and less susceptible to economic downturn due to the consumption nature of the tax. The main types of taxes are direct and indirect taxes. Direct taxes are: Corporate Tax, Personal Income Tax, Real Property Gains Tax and Stamp duty whilst indirect taxes are Tariff (or Customs Duty), Excise Tax, SST (currently practiced in Malaysia) and GST. Contribution from petroleum revenue to total revenue increased from 29.1% (1990) to 40.1% (2008). The current high petroleum revenue is not sustainable as it is a depleting resource therefore and alternative source have to be sought. With the present average birth rate of 2.2, it is expected that by 2030, 12% of the population will be above 60 years old which almost double the current number. The working population paying taxes will therefore reduce, putting a greater burden on a smaller group of people. GST is a broad-based tax that distributes the burden of taxation among a larger section of the population based on consumption. GST preserve the incentive to work and encourages enterprise as it is not a progressive income tax. The tax rate does not increase according to income level; it is flat at the determined rate. It is levied at the production and distribution stages, thereby incorporating a self-policing mechanism that facilitates administration and makes it more difficult to avoid or evade. This further reduces the possibility of revenue loss through understatement of tax evasion. The GST model implemented in Malaysia is not expected to have cascading, or pyramiding, effect as the tax on a particular good depends upon its final value, and not the number of production and distribution channel it passes through. Furthermore, the output tax to be paid will be offset against the input tax, and there is no GST levied over GST. GST is expected to provide a more stable source of revenue as consumption is less affected by economic cycles compared to income tax. It can be an effective tax on the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"shadow economyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, as those involved would consume, and thus pay indirect taxes through GST. It is likely that those involved in such activities would buy luxury goods, which would be subjected to GST. The government is cutting its operating expenditure for 2010 by 13%. This shows it is aware of the growing deficit that has widened due to the stimulus package. Recently, Fitch rating agency has cut the rating of the ringgit, which may cause imported inflation if it depreciates, and the International Monetary Fund commented that the GST needs to be implemented urgently. Malaysiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s budget 2010 reports on GST; is that, it is currently at the final stage of completing the study on the implementation, where analysts are measuring the social impact of its presence in Malaysia. The Malaysian government said that it could be possible for them to implement this in the near future. Looking at Malaysia in a broader scale, GST will not only affect big businesses, but small and medium enterprises (SME) as well. Although there were nimble of past information saying that a food outlet can only charge GST if ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s annual turnover is above RM3 million (3,000,000 Ringgit Malaysia), the GST compliance requirements and thresholds has not been officially announced. If we were to take into account GSTà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s implementation into goods and services, we have to assume that it will happen to all stages of the supply chain; which means from the purchase of raw materials or start-up goods all the way to end-user (consumer ready) products available for sale. Ultimately in a product, GSTs charged to every level are passed on to the next person and ultimately, the consumer. A Tax Review Panel was formed in middle of 2005, and it has come out with a Discussion Paper intended for businesses to understand the basic administrative requirements and procedures when GST is implemented so that they know the impact of GST. Secondly, the Tax Review Panel invites the business community and other relevant organizations and associations to review the proposal in that paper. Thirdly, by having a public consultation, it provides an appropriate forum for both the public and private institutions to exchange views with members of the Tax Review Panel so as to understand the rationale behind the proposals initiated. The GST was supposed to be implemented in Malaysia in the year 2007; however the government has to defer the move due to critical reviews by certain quarters. After losing four States to the opposition, it has to tread on a careful path in order not to lose more public support. It cannot afford to make any more major mistake in the wake of its dismal performance in the last General Election. GST is generally known as a tax system which results in regressivity (i.e. people with less pay a greater share of their resources than those with more), in contrast with the ideal aim of progressivity which is generally sought when implementing a tax. It is sometimes argued that a GST system does not work in a poor region such as Africa, where most countries have heavy external debt burdens, malnutrition, civil wars and lack of food and medicines which often result in inhuman living conditions. Nevertheless, with the support of the IMF, VAT/GST systems were designed in many African countries to combat or at least alleviate the adverse effect of VAT/GST regressivity by having a list of exemptions and zero-ratings which apply (generally speaking) to basic foodstuffs and other basic necessities. GST is not always simple to administer, contrary to what the advocates of GST would want countries to believe during the transformation stage. Unless a proper GST administration, supported by modern technology and electronic communication systems can be implemented, GST administration will inevitably be costly for both the Revenue Authorities and the business sector. The output/input mechanism of the GST system, coupled with GST refunds, may provide the ideal opportunity for fraud where corrupt officials and unscrupulous businesses exploit weaknesses in the system. This again results in a defensive attitude from the Revenue Authorities, resulting in bad communication, cash flow and other GST cost. In 1992, a Free Trade Agreement (FTA) was signed which reduced import tariffs between ASEAN member countries. In the first three years of the FTA, exports amongst the ASEAN countries grew from US$43 billion to US$80 billion. In 1997, the leaders of ASEAN adopted the vision to build a stable, prosperous and highly competitive economic region, in which there is a free flow of goods, services and investments, a freer flow of capital, equitable economic development and reduced poverty and socio-economic disparities. The plan is to remove all tariffs for the six more developed countries by 2010 and for all countries by 2015. The summit also progressed the efforts to integrate ASEAN with the much larger economies of Asia- Pacific, specifically China, Japan, South Korea, India, Australia, and New Zealand. China signed a pact to introduce the worldà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s largest free trade zone by 2010, covering almost two billion people. Japan signed a similar agreement to take effect by 2012. India agreed to join in by 2011. Australia and New Zealand have agreed to talks starting next year to free up trade within a decade. The master plan is to have a free trade zone that can compete with the US and EU. In South East Asia, Malaysia remains one of the few countries yet to adopt the GST system, which would indirectly be in the way, if we want to be part of this master plan. In Malaysia, it was announced that essential goods and services will not be subjected to GST, but fears that GST will spark a chain reaction that will increase the prices of most non-controlled items should not be dismissed. We have seen numerous examples of when there is an increase in a certain commodity; it sparks a price rise in most goods and services. For example, when the petrol price increased to RM2.70, prices of most goods, foods and services were hiked. But after the petrol price dropped, there has not been a substantial correction in the prices of goods, food and services. The relevant ministries are powerless to mitigate the situation and curb the necessary inflation. A recent example is on the removal of the subsidy on white bread resulting in price increase of one loaf of bread by 20 to 30 cents. The Deputy Domestic Trade, Cooperative Consumer Affairs Minister can only comment that the price adjustment was not necessary, urge traders to practice corporate social responsibility and call on the consumers to execute their power in hand. All these statements will not effectively curb excessive profiteering and traders taking opportunity to increase the price of goods and service. The public would want to know how the government intends to avoid the similar predicament What is GST and how does it work? GST is a consumption tax charged on a wide range of domestic international products, goods and services. Ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s a broad-based tax imposed on every level of a product, from raw materials all the way to finished goods. The proposed implementation of GST will replace the current Malaysian service tax and sales tax. Broadly, GST works by offsetting GST paid on purchases (input tax) against GST due on sales or supplies made (output tax). This is referred to as the credit offset mechanism. The multi tier stages of tax helps to ensure that GST paid by businesses for purchases does not end up being a permanent cost. However, the consumer ultimately bears the burden of the tax. Conceptually, GST is imposed on the value added to goods or services by each separate processor in the production and distribution chain. This can be seen in the simple illustration below. GST to Government RM 4 + RM2 = RM6 (i.e. 4% x RM 100) i.e.4% x RM 150 = RM6 Output tax i.e. 4%x150 Less RM4 Input tax RM2 Net 4% is the assumed standard rate of GST. It is assumed that the entire output is taxable and all input taxes are creditable. FINAL CONSUMER Cost to consumer = RM 156 SUPPLIER Selling price = RM100 GST(4%) = RM 4 Total = RM 104 MANUFACTURER Cost = RM 100 Value added = RM 50 Total = RM 150 GST (4%) = RM 6 Total = RM 156 2.1 SOME CONCERN ABOUT THE INTRODUCTION OF GST. There were some concerns that Malaysians could suffer even more with the introduction of the Goods and Services Tax (GST). GST-driven inflation would be a calamity that the struggling lower-income group could do without. The GST Bill was tabled in Parliament at the end of the Budget sitting that ended on 17 December 2009. At its first reading, the bill was just mentioned, but there was no explanation of the bill or any debate. The second reading is when the bill is open for debate and proposed amendments. This may come as early as March 2010 for the GST Bill. Once approved, the new tax can be implemented as early as 2011. The table below lists the governmentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s tax revenue for 2008 which contributed RM112.9 billion or 70 per cent of total government revenue. Government Tax Revenue in 2008 Personal Income Tax  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   RM 15.0 bil Company Tax  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   RM 37.7 bil Petroleum Tax  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   RM 24.2 bil Export and import duties  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   RM  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   5.4 bil Excise duties  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   RM 10.7 bil Sales and Services Tax  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   RM 11.7 bil As shown in the table, the biggest source of tax revenue is company tax, which at 26 per cent of declared profits, currently brings in RM37.7 billion into government coffers. Petroleum tax makes up the second biggest tax item while the tax levied on the 1.5 million individuals who are now currently paying personal income taxes in Malaysia makes up the third biggest. All these taxes are deemed progressive for they tax the richest individuals and the companies that are making profits. Progressive taxes do not burden the poorer sectors of society. Progressive taxes tend to equal out income differences between the rich and the poor in society. It was argued that regressive tax regimes, on the other hand, burden the poor. Sales taxes are generally regressive as they tax consumption and not income. But sales tax in Malaysia has different rates for different types of goods and the government can make them less regressive by levying sales taxes exclusively on good that are consumed by the richer sectors of society such as expensive cars, big houses, overseas travel, expensive restaurants and other luxury items. The Goods and Services Tax, however, is perceived to be even more regressive for it is levied at a flat rate on a very wide range of products including many items that the poorer people need to buy. It might lead to a rise in prices and would definitely hit the poorest the hardest.   As in most countries with the GST in place, a reduction of corporate tax and personal tax will follow suit. This then, is seen as the real reason that the GST is being brought in à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" to make Malaysia more à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“business friendlyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? by cutting corporate tax (which has already been reduced markedly from the 40 per cent level in 1988 to its current 26 per cent). 2.2 LACK OF INFORMATION AND CONFUSION ON GST. The piecemeal release of information is creating great concern among the people and in the business sector. For example; Will the authorities furnish an extensive list of item that will be charged GST, and what will be exempted? If a product, like rice or chicken is exempted, does the exemption apply across the board regardless of the form of the product? For example, is cooked rice or cut, frozen or marinated chicken also exempted? What is the difference between exempt and zero-rated GST? Will there be any reduction in personal and corporate tax? What changes will be made to the sales and service tax? There is a perception that as GST is a multistage tax, it would result in higher effective tax rate than 4%. As GST is very technical, most people are unaware how it will impact them. When will the GST rate be reviewed? Recent media statement on its impact did not improve opinion on the introduction of GST. It is reported that under the sales and services tax system, the burden on the poor is 2.38%, but under the GST it will be 2.17%. For the higher income group, the tax burden will be reduced from 13% to 2.74%, according to the Finance Ministry. The overall savings for households will be between RM14.52 and RM346.92 yearly. This clearly contradicts other statement from politicians, and the public perception, that the GST will be inflationary. But as no further details are provided on how the savings are arrived at, public sentiment remains negative on GST. CHAPTER 3 EXPECTED IMPACT OF GST 3.1 Impact on the people in the street. The public is generally concerned that the introduction of GST will hit their wallets directly. In an initial assessment, as the GST is expected to be lower than service tax, the bill for a restaurant meal will be 1% lower as the service tax rate is 5% and GST is 4%. For other services liable to service tax, a GST rate lower than service tax should result in a slight decrease in charges if the cost of the other components in providing the service remain the same. On goods that attract sales tax, the current rate seems higher than the proposed GST, hence there might be a reduction if there is no further adjustment. Current rates are as follows; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Fruits, certain foodstuff and building materials (5%) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ General goods, including motor vehicle (10%) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Liquor and alcoholic drinks (20%) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Cigarette and cheroots (25%) For hawkers; even though they do not have a turnover of RM500,000 yearly, so are not required collect GST, the material procured, for example, noodles, fish balls, processed meat, chicken, equipments for the stall may be subjected to GST, resulting in price hike. But without detailed knowledge or mapping, or even information on the duties charged, the people are uncertain whether the prices of goods and services will remain stagnant, increase or decrease. 3.2 IMPACT ON BUSINESSES. The implementation of GST is expected to impact business in the following manner: Compliance costs are expected to be incurred as there is requirement to track the input tax and output tax to determine refund or tax to be submitted. Even though some Malaysian companies are already paying sales tax or service tax, there was no input tax to be monitored and accounted for to offset against output tax. Business process and procurement need to be mapped out, especially with respect to suppliers and promotional items. For example, a new car attract GST, but items provided for free during promotion like sports rims or a GPS system à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" may not be eligible for an input tax claim. Likewise the corporate souvenirs and hampers given out by businesses may not be eligible. The procurement department should start detailing the sales tax or the existing tax paid for their items used a raw material. As the GST is expected to be lower than most current indirect tax, there should be some potential cost savings. This is also to avoid being overcharged by supplier that intends to add the GST over the existing price of its supplies after sales tax, there should be some potential cost saving. Human resource factor: New staff may need to be employed to ensure a business is compliant and conversant with the GST requirement. As most staff have not been exposed to GST, training needs to be conducted. Accounting system and account payable: The business would require an appropriate accounting system to keep track of the GST amounts. Most systems could be upgraded, and it is important to notify software vendors to test run the data to avoid any potential complication. Cash flow management: Businesses should be aware that output GST may have to be settled before settlement of sales invoices by customer. Meanwhile, payables on which input tax has been claimed but remains unpaid after six months have to be accounted as output tax and are to be reclaimed as input tax only after payment is made. Businesses are concerned about the timeliness of the refund process as delays would results in a higher working capital cost. In addition, businesses that have thin margins are worried about the speed of the refund for input tax, especially if the business is mainly exported-oriented and procure its raw material locally. 3.3 OTHER IMPACTS: The expected impact on corporate and income taxes are as published in the news recently. Deputy Finance Minister Chor Chee Heung quoted that Malaysia will see a gradual reduction in its corporate and income tax rates once the proposed Goods and Services Tax (GST) is in place by mid-2011. He does not think that there was a timeline for achieving this reduction in corporate and income taxes, as this is a long-term objective of the government. Once the GST come into play, it will be a broad based tax and the trend is, once GST is implemented, corporate and income taxes will gradually be reduced. Chor also disclosed that businesses related to services such as those in the food and transportation sectors, would be exempted from the proposed GST. He gave assurance that the cost of living and lifestyle of the people would not increase or be affected with the implementation of a GST. He also added that the implementation of GST would not cause inflation. Once the GST is in, the service tax and sales tax (now imposed) would be abolished. Both taxes are quite high at 10 per cent and five per cent respectively. The GST at four per cent is considered very low. Meanwhile, the Finance Ministryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Tax Review Panel Chairman, Ms. Kamariah Hussain, said there would be revenue gains of about 1.0 Billion Ringgit for the government with the GST implementation. She explained that the introduction of the GST was part of an overall tax reform in the country. With the GST, the government would have a better mix of revenue, and not be too dependent on income tax and petroleum income. Second Finance Minister, Ahmad Husni Hanadzlah had indicated that while the GST would replace the existing sales and services taxes, it would not put pressure on prices and to ease the burden of consumers, staple foods such as rice, sugar, cooking oil and flour would be exempted from it. 3.3.1 IMPACT OF GST ON SMALL MEDIUM ENTERPRISE (SME). SMEs form the backbone of the business activities of a nation. Other than encouraging the growth of new industries such as tourism and biotechnology-based industries, the Government (2004 Budget Proposals) too has singled out SMEs to spearhead domestic growth. However, there is a group of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"unhappyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ people representing non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and the public who have expressed their non-approval for the introduction of the proposed GST. Their main argument is that GST favours the rich and burdens the poor at large. Their contention is that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“it will burden the people and contribute to the widening gap between the rich and the poor, not to mention the rise in the inflation rateà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. However, tax practitioner, Beh Tok Koay is of the opinion that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“perhaps this small group lacks an understanding of the whole system of GST. It is supposed to be broadbased and will replace the service and sales tax system, and this in turn will help to reduce income tax ratesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. There could be two GST rates: a lower rate for SMEs and a higher rate for large enterprises. Imposing two GST rates is, however, difficult to administer as they provide ample room for tax avoidance and increase compliance cost. Lowering the compliance cost of GST would ease the burden of SMEs. If there is convincing data to show that the compliance cost of SMEs are lower if the accounts are computerized, then the Government could provide software packages to the licensees to enable them to correctly compute GST. Free training and seminars including visits should be extended to SMEs to enable them to have a better understanding of the compliance requirements. One other option is to exe mpt small businesses from GST altogether but such a decision too has its drawbacks. The Government has to analyze the revenue gain as compared to the compliance cost before making a decision to determine the threshold limit. With the two-year window period before GST is in force, all of us have a role to play in contributing towards the development of a better broad-based consumption tax system which ultimately would help reduce the rates of income tax. No doubt, everyone especially the SMEs will eagerly await the final introduction of the GST system and the extent of the expected income tax rate cuts. The business community, NGO and charity organization are concerned about the ability of the authorities to implement GST smoothly. Australia, for example, had to bring in foreign experts to help in rollout of GST. It would undermine investor confidence if the GST is not implemented in a structured manner with minimal hiccup. Burdening the poor and those economically vulnerable: Some 32% of the household in Malaysia have an income under RM2,000 per month. The introduction of GST without the necessary revamp of subsidies will result in a heavier financial burden on poor and low-income families. Families with an income below RM2,000 a month do not have to pay personal income tax. With GST, things that are not basic necessities toys, processed food, can food, packet drinks, and so on, could increase existing inflationary pressures. The ongoing restructuring of the subsidy will also create the tension, discomfort and dissatisfaction as people eligible for subsidy could unintentionally be left out as the government establishes and tries to refine its method of distribution. CHAPTER 4 4.0 CONCLUSION GST is unavoidable. It will just be a matter of time when it will be implemented. It may not be a perfect system, but has worked well as a revenue base for other countries. Malaysiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s problem may lie more in public education, implementation and enforcement. To move forward, Malaysia has to conform to the free trade vision of ASEAN and cannot lag behind the other countries. As of today, apart from Malaysia, only Myanmar and Brunei has yet to implement the GST. GST modernises the tax system by addressing tax evasion committed by free riders who want every benefit but refuse to pay for it, or rather have others to pay for them. GST will certainly be a good platform to increase the Governmentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s revenue. Concerns of it being regressive can be overcome by careful and prudent classifications of zero rated supplies and exempt supplies for essential items as against standard supplies for non essential and luxury items. One good point of starting late is the ability to learn from the mistakes of others. The government has to be fully transparent in the implementation of the proposed GST. In this borderless world, news and knowledge cannot be curbed. The masses are getting more intelligent and informed. It will not be prudent for the government of the day not to move forward towards a more modern tax system. Rather than blind opposition, critics should provide examples and lessons learnt from the weaknesses of other nations in the implementation of GST or VAT. However, based from past experience, the skeptism voiced is understandable. We have heard of past Auditor General Reports on the wastage and the leakage of public funds into the pockets of the well connected; of RM 25 screw drivers being bought through tender at a price of RM200; commissions running into millions of ringgit for the purchase of Sukhov jets and submarines; and billions swallowed in the PKFZ scandal. The sums involved are astronomical. Then we have newly built hospitals that cannot be used, court room complexes with leaked ceilings and stadium roofs that collapsed in the absence of even a small earthquake. So, whether the GST will finally proved to be good or bad for the country will remain a question mark until its actual implementation. The actual salary increase as promised by the government might not be the expected pot of gold at the end of the rainbow if the GST is not properly implemented.

Essay Clouds vs. The Apology - 1649 Words

Clouds vs. The Apology In Aristophanes Clouds and in Platos Apology we see extensive fictional representations of the historical figure, Socrates, who left us no literary works under his own name. When comparing these two representations, readers often assume, as a result of the nature of the comedic genre, that Aristophanes portrayal of Socrates is exaggerated and fallacious. On the other hand, Platos account is often taken more seriously as a result of the philosophical genre and the respected reputation Plato has as wildly influential thinker in Western culture. Nevertheless, there are more congruencies between the two representations than one would initially think. Ill discuss some similarities between the two works that†¦show more content†¦This argument is called the â€Å"worse argument,† and the play focuses on this speech tactic. In the play, Strepsiades decides that his son can learn the â€Å"worse argument† and use it to free Strepsiades of his debts: â€Å"So if you co uld learn this Worse Argument for me, then all these debts I owe on our account I wouldn’t have to pay, not even a penny!† (Aristophanes I. 116-118). Aristophanes is suggesting, in a comical way, that Socrates would support such immorality, and that he would be willing to teach the â€Å"worse argument† solely for this purpose. Socrates spends much of his time thinking of ridiculous theories and playing with words. Most of the topics he mentions are absurd and do not show the sophistication that Socrates claims to strive for. 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Introduction to Graphic Designing-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp

Questions: 1.What Industry do you aspire to work in after you graduate? 2.What does this industry do? What kind of contribution does it make to society? Does it have specific aims involving the inclusion of indigenous communities? Does this industry differ according to country? 3.How many people are involved in the Industry? What kinds of roles or professions do they have? How has the industry grown or changed since it was first established? 4.What associations or peak bodies represent this Industry? How is it viewed by the broader public? 5.What area or role might you aspire to within this industry? 6.Are there requirements for professionals within this Industry? 7.What do professionals in the field identify as valued or necessary to be successful? Interviews with a variety of professionals have been recorded for this unit and are available on Moodle. 8.You might find it useful to look at current job advertisements for the field you aspire to, looking at the skills and qualifications that are desirable. 9.You might like to consider your personality and learning style, as well as skills gained through work experience and co-curricular activities. Avoid focussing on just generic skills (e.g. teamwork) be specific to the profession you have discussed. 10.How do you know these are your strengths/weaknesses? What prior experiences have led you to think so? Answers: Industry: 1.After the successful completion of my graduate education, I will try to get a job in the graphic designing industry. Many people think that graphic designing is a very good and easy job and provides lots of free time to the person in the industry. However, according to reality the hectic and long schedules that people work in this industry can make them shift their career in some other directions. Thus, this is a challenging career for me and I am thinking of applying in this industry. 2.This industry is mainly involved in doing artistic works intended for their clients. Any logos needed for a company or some other work needs to be created by professionals and these works are provided by graphic designers. Their contribution to the society is greater in terms of perceived emotions. For example, when I walk to school, I see road signs in street about the speed limit and an artwork of a car. This creates a good impression on the people and helps them to adapt their activities (Barnard, 2013). Graphic design industry uses the aboriginal layouts in their designs if required by their clients. However, the arts are not performed by indigenous communities but aboriginal contents are provided by designers. The designs differ according to different countries. Arts in Japan are supposed to include bright and bold colors while art in Europe includes simple and clean design. 3.According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), 25,513 numbers of Australians were employed as graphic designers. In Melbourne, the number of graphic designers are 232411. The job roles of this population are the graphic designers, freelance graphic designer and the graphic/packaging designer. Since the ancient times, rock or cave art was the ultimate form of graphic design (Drucker, McVarish, 2013). After that, writings in stones were the next type of graphic arts. From these to writings in books, the graphic industry took proper establishment when the market of it increased and there were requirements of businesses with logos and designs. 4.Many people completely changed the graphic designing industry. Among them, the most important one is David Carson who changed the industry with his rule breaking designs and layouts. Saul Bass is another important person in 1950 that made the most important changes by making iconic movie posters. In addition, Paula Scher was the first woman to claim the lead in Pentagram due to her unique visual arts. Professional skills: 5.I aspire to become a graphic designer in this industry. The work done by a designer is artistic in nature and thus my interest in this work. 6.A graphic designer by profession is required to maintain a certain code of ethics. This will help them to develop responsibility and integrity in their work. For a career as a graphic designer, a bachelors degree from a University or a trade school certificate is required (Heller, 2015). In case of job interviews, a portfolio is required to be showcased to the interviewer to get the job. 7.For a successful graphic designer, many skills are required. The person needs to be good at communicating with clients to present his ideas with a charm and smart manner. A passion is needed to do the work as the work is not very easy to do and requires innovative ideas. The professional also needs to have problem solving attitudes and the ability to take criticism (Heller, 2015). Clients often change their requirements and causes unrest in the professionals. 8.There are many job requirements posted in moodle.org. Using this information, I can apply for job interviews in this section. Personal skills: 9.The graphic designer jobs provide many good qualities to the worker.A designer works by using the software necessary to implement the design, which can be done at home or in the office as well. The designer needs to be creative to know the designs and requires consistency to do the work. 10The jobs intended for graphic designing can be accomplished from my home and provides. Thus, ease of work is provided, as there is software to help in designing arts in computers. The creative style of a person is brought out in this work, as the basic requirement of this job is to be creative to do the work. The information that is intended to share is easily captured by the use of artistic designs. However, there is always criticism in this job life as people always think negative things about the work (Muller, 2014). The expectations of the work perceived and the reality is very different as clients often changes their requirements and are very difficult to please. Thus, by knowing the pros and cons of this industry, I surely think that I want to display my talents in such a challenging career and I am sure to succeed in this role. References: Barnard, M. (2013).Graphic design as communication. Routledge. Drucker, J., McVarish, E. (2013).Graphic design history: A critical guide. Pearson. Heller, S. (2015).The education of a graphic designer. Skyhorse Publishing, Inc.. Muller, T. (2014). Identity formation and its role in optimal human development: a psychobiographical study of artist Jackson Pollock.New Voices in Psychology,10(1), 3-15.

Tips To Write A Research Abstract

Tips To Write A Research AbstractResearchers often find themselves stuck at the end of a research paper, trying to think of new ways to describe their results. This can lead to a research abstract that is too long and difficult to understand. In order to make the abstract easy to read, here are a few tips to help you write your own.First, you need to consider the vocabulary of the research topic. Some phrases that researchers like to use are qualitative and quantitative. If you do not know how to use these terms, it is best to consult a research assistant. Alternatively, you can also check out online resources to learn more about these terms. For example, you can read about the vocabulary of a weight loss diet by using the internet's search engine.After knowing which terms you will use in your research paper, consider how you will refer to them. Research assistants often suggest abbreviations to help you keep the research concise. In addition, it can be helpful to check your research papers to see if there are any acronyms used in your research. If there are, you should study those phrases to avoid any grammar or spell error issues.Finally, it is important to keep your paper clear and concise. The best way to do this is to separate ideas, statistics, and paragraphs. Most research assistants suggest separating the research topics into independent ideas, statistical figures, and paragraphs for better organization.While writing the research abstract, you should never take your readers for granted. Stay professional but keep your emotions in check. At the same time, there is no reason to feel awkward or nervous, as long as you clearly state your research points.Always begin each paragraph with a key concept, such as a research study's primary or main body. You should also try to structure the information in a way that is easy to understand without breaking up the flow of the paper.One of the most important things you should always remember when writing the research abstract is to keep your information short and simple. While this article has only highlighted a few tips to help you produce the right paper, writing the research abstract is actually not that difficult. Most research assistants will give you a handbook or guidebook on writing the abstract so you can get a head start.Regardless of how long the research abstract takes to write, it is necessary to prepare properly before beginning. Make sure you work on the research paper ahead of time and that you set aside enough time to sit down and write out the research abstract.